Heuristik statt politische Theorie: Eine postpositivistische Kritik des Rational-Choice-Ansatzes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15203/ozp.151.vol43iss3Schlagwörter:
Rational Choice, Postpositivismus, Positivismus, methodologischer Individualismus, kontaminierter UniversalismusAbstract
In diesem Beitrag werden logische Konsequenzen, die sich aus den theoretischen Prämissen des Rational-Choice-Ansatzes für die politische Analyse ergeben, sowie dem Ansatz immanente Widersprüche aus postpositivistischer Sicht aufgezeigt. Die Grundprämissen des Rational-Choice-Ansatzes, insbesondere der methodologische Individualismus, der darauf aufbauende Universalismus und Objektivismus werden kritisch evaluiert. Zur Schärfung und Veranschaulichung der Kritik werden dem Rational-Choice-Ansatz postpositivistische Theorien und Konzepte wie Historizität, kontaminierte Universalität und soziale Objektivität gegenübergestellt. Insbesondere der fehlende Gesellschaftsbegriff und der starke, dem Ansatz zugrunde liegende Atomismus, grenzen ihn hiernach von anderen politischen Theorien ab. Zielsetzung dieses Beitrags ist es, die Differenzen zwischen dem Rational-Choice-Ansatz und postpositivistischen Theorien systematisch herauszuarbeiten und Möglichkeiten und Grenzen des Ansatzes für die politische Analyse zu diskutieren.
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