Kapitalismuskritik. Lehren aus der Ideengeschichte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15203/ozp.575.vol41iss2Keywords:
Kapitalismuskritik, Kritische Gesellschaftstheorie, Liberalismuskritik, Aristoteles, Ferguson, HegelAbstract
Es lassen sich in der Kapitalismuskritik zwei Wege, ein tugendethischer und ein struktureller, unterscheiden. Die zentrale Frage für die Ausrichtung der Kapitalismuskritik angesichts dieser Alternative ist: Muss die Kritik an individuellem Verhalten oder an gesellschaftlichen Strukturen angesetzt werden? An Aristoteles lässt sich zeigen, dass die tugendethischen Motive, die bei der am Akteurverhalten ansetzenden Kapitalismuskritik eine wichtige Rolle spielen, ideengeschichtlich weit zurückreichen. Davon zu unterscheiden ist eine strukturelle Kritik, in deren Kern die Idee einer Kritik von Kontexten steht, die ein bestimmtes Akteurverhalten und bestimmte Strukturmerkmale wahrscheinlich werden lassen. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird gezeigt, dass die zweite, strukturelle Variante insofern überlegen ist, als sie nicht allein individuelles Fehlverhalten, sondern strukturelle Fehlentwicklungen in den Blick nimmt. Für sie geben ideengeschichtlich Ferguson und Hegel wesentliche Impulse.
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