Die Entwicklung kompetitiver Wahlsysteme in Mittel- und Osteuropa: Post-sozialistische Entstehungsbedingungen und fallspezifische Reformkontexte
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15203/ozp.939.vol34iss1Schlagwörter:
Wahlsysteme, Mittel- und Osteuropa, Institutionenreform, SystemwechselAbstract
Nach dem demokratischen Systemwechsel von 1989/90 führten die meisten mittel- und osteuropäischen Staaten anlässlich ihrer ersten freien Parlamentswahlen („Gründungswahlen“) nicht nur neue Wahlsysteme ein, sondern reformierten sie auch danach ungewöhnlich häufig. Der folgende Beitrag analysiert diesen institutionellen Entwicklungsprozess systematisch-vergleichend für sechs post-sozialistische Staaten (Russland, Ukraine, Polen, Ungarn, Slowakei und Tschechien). Auf Basis theoretischer Überlegungen zur Reform politischer Institutionen bestätigt sich dabei die These von Nohlen/Kasapovic (1996), dass die Gründungswahlsysteme wesentlich vom Systemwechseltypus geprägt wurden allerdings nur dort, wo die Entscheidung über das Wahlsystem in die unmittelbare Transitionsphase fiel. Spätere Wahlsystemreformen sind nicht mehr durch den Demokratisierungsmodus, sondern durch kontextspezifische Variablenkonstellationen zu erklären.Downloads
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